The CRSV Observatory
Documenting Cases of Conflict-Related and Large-Scale Systematic Sexual Violence
The CRSV Observatory is intended to document and hold memories of conflict-related and large-scale sexual violence without reducing it to a function of the patriarchy alone. No instance of conflict-related and large-scale sexual violence has taken place in isolation of other factors – ethnic tensions, racial tensions, colonialism, economic discrimination, and much more have always either enabled such violence or have been the basis on which gender-based violence has been enacted. Drawing on lessons learned from the works of Vasuki Nesiah on International Conflict Feminism, this observatory strives to go beyond the oversimplified construction of conflict zones and recognizes the interconnectedness of any and all forms of sexual and gender-based violence with other forms of oppression, including but not limited to colonialism, militarism, racism, casteism, and economic violence among other things. Accordingly, in presenting these case histories, a careful attempt has been made to understand sexual and gender-based violence in connection with other forms of oppression and violence. As an imperfect initiative, no case study is free of its own imperfections. Readers are invited to share additional resources to enhance the cases documented.
Cases of Conflict-related and Systematic Sexual Violence
This section of the CRSV Observatory documents cases of conflict-related and large-scale / mass sexual violence. The list on the right is divided alphabetically. Below, you can find a World Map with pins for every case we’ve documented. Further below, you can find the latest cases we’ve documented in the order of chronology of production.
Please note that all cases documented do carry mentions of sexual violence and offer explanations for patterns identified. No incidents or individual stories are presented in graphic detail.
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Bosnia and Herzegovina (1991-1995)
Central African Republic (2012-)
China (against the Uyghur Muslims)
"Comfort Women" Subjected to Sexual Slavery by Japan (1932-1945)
Côte d'Ivoire (First Ivorian Civil War)
Côte d'Ivoire (Second Ivorian Civil War)
Cyprus during Turkey's Invasion
Darfur, Sudan (Masalit Massacres, 2023-)
Deir Yassin Massacre (near Jerusalem, 1948)
El Salvador (1979-1992)
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Mindanao (Moro Conflict, 1968-2018)
Mozambican Civil War (1977-1992)
Nicaragua during the Revolution (1960s-1990s)
Palestine during The First Intifada (1987-1991)
Palestine during The Nakba (1948)
Palestine under Occupation (1948-)
Papua New Guinea (Bougainville Civil War - 1988-1998)
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Recently Documented Cases of CRSV and SSV
These case notes document the occurrence of sexual violence in regions of violent conflict of various kinds. Each case contains explicit mentions of different forms of sexual and gender-based violence, but no individual personal stories or photos are shared. Reader discretion is advised.